Informed Consent Vs. The Gatekeeper Model Essay - 2187 Words

Informed Consent vs. The Gatekeeper Model While things like marriage and anti-discrimination laws have made it safer and more accepting in the mainstream for lesbian, gay, and bisexual people, the transgender community remains largely unchanged by these things. One area in particular has remained almost completely stagnant since the 1980s, medicine. Most medical professionals willing to aid transgender individuals in Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) and Sexual Reassignment Surgery (SRS) operate under the gatekeeper model. The gatekeeper model is loosely defined as the practice where any combination of doctors, therapists, and psychiatrists take the majority of responsibility for the diagnosing and, â€Å"treatment,† of a transgender person seeking either HRT or SRS. Under this model nearly sole responsibility falls to that group of professionals, and because of that many problems in terms of proper diagnosis, ethics, and safety have sprung up. More recently a very small amount doctors have been operating under a new model. This model, called informed consent, allows the transgender individual to take some responsibility for their treatment, and in a lot of cases subvert the massive amount of unreasonable hoops and rules the gatekeeper model has. The informed consent model of treatment for transgender individuals is the superior model by far in terms of diagnosis, safety, and ethical treatment. 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Parents Are Responsible For Their Child s Well Being

Parents are responsible for their child’s well-being, however, what situation should allow for others to step in and enforce this responsibility? Divorce can create a situation where parents no longer are able to work together and every member in that household is affected. Each situation of divorce is different and every family needs help in a different way. Too often, the people who are forgotten during the divorce are the children. These children go through the same five stages as their parents would when responding to the divorce. These stages include: denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance (Hozman, 1977). Counseling can be a solution to preventing a negative impact to the children involved in the divorce and also help the parents learn how to become more effective in creating a stable environment. For the counseling to be a successful solution, all family members must be willing participants and when this is not the case, it may need to be mandated by the court. Also, before the counseling begins the parents would need to explain the situation to the children and reassure them that it was not their fault. Counseling should include parent to parent, parent and child, and individual sessions for each family member. Divorce is essentially is decided between the two parents, however, the children become caught up in it. The situation would never improve if the two parents involved do not work out their problems. The first step of the counseling wouldShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Parental Parenting On Children1089 Words   |  5 Pagesthere is no such thing as a bad child, just a bad parent who did not teach their child to be a respectful person. Strict parenting is essential to having a mature and respectful child. For instance when a child is misbehaving towards the parent. Authoritative parents raise independent children, as the child grows the parents teach them have self-control when it comes to making decisions. 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Lowering the Drinking Free Essays

The central plank of the debate is the determination of minimum age of drinking. The society will be happier where the states interference is less and where it allows the full freedom and liberty to the citizens with qualified restrictions. The actions taken and legislations passed by the governments are just for the welfare of the state with public policy. We will write a custom essay sample on Lowering the Drinking or any similar topic only for you Order Now The heated discussion on Lowering the Drinking is not a new one and it came into spotlight with Jenna Bush’s arrest for consuming alcohol and buying it with fake identification. The social contract theory says that men have right to the sovereign to organize them in better way. The sovereign was not a party to the contract. The people authorized and give up the right of governing themselves to the sovereign who came into being as a result of the contract. [1] It is given the right of make laws. Law is the expression of general will. According to Rousseau â€Å"A law is a resolution of the whole people, for the whole people, touching a matter that concerns all†. Law must relate to general interest. It represents the general will. The enactments of the government are merely a corollary of the general will. So the laws framed regarding the drinking age also should go with the general will. The national minimum drinking age act, 1984 give 21 years as the minimum age of drinking in USA. In many countries there is no age restriction on the drinking and in countries like Indonesia, Malaysia it is 17 year. The present laws set the age of drinking as 21 [2] and it was 24 years back it came into force. And it is time look back with the resent development in social as well as technological development. There are several issues where the importance of age is taken into account. some of them are Marriage Adult franchise Capital Punishment Military Services The above mentioned are very important which are having affinity with the Society, Legislature, Judiciary and Executive (defense). They all prescribed the minimum age of their eligibility’s 18 years. But the age of drinking is declared as 21 years. The detailed discussion of them shows their importance and its relevance to the society. Marriage: According to Black law dictionary, â€Å"The legal union of a man and woman as husband and wife is called marriage.† It is regarded as civil contract by the common law. The essentials of the valid marriage are 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   the parties are legally capable of contracting marriage 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   mutual consent or agreement, and 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   An actual contracting in the form prescribed by law. The essential ‘The parties are legally capable of contracting marriage’ goes with lot of interpretation. The legally capable to contracting marriage in regarding the age varies from religion to religion generally and with the uniform civil code it is given to the states to make laws on their own. For a marriage minimum age, license, proof, application, consent for underage applicant is required. ‘SEC. 3. (1) R. S. 1846, Chap. 83 (Amended by Act No. 44, P.A. 1956) Every person who becomes 18 years of age shall be capable by law of contracting marriage. Every person who becomes 16 years of age but is less than 18 years of age shall be capable of contracting marriage with the written consent of 1 of the parents of the person or the person’s legal guardian, as provided in this section.’[3] So the eligible age for marriage is 18 and even 16 is allowed with the prescribed procedure. Marriage is one of the important institutions in the society. If the a person is allowed to go with that important responsibility and have the metal power, then why not a person is not allowed to drink at that age. Voting; The adult suffrage is the fullest implication of democracy and it is the most striking feature implication of democracy and it is most striking feature of the constitution. The ‘section 1, of the twenty-sixth amendment-reduction of voting age qualification gives the right of citizens of the United States, who are eighteen years age or older, to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the united states or by any state on account of age’.[4] If the person is eligible to decide which government he want and what will be the pros and cons of that government establishment, cant he think on the drinking and the limits of the drinking. With the development of mass media each and every point of manifesto are clearly analyzed and by taking that inputs only the people are voting. Now the leaders are also focusing on the youth issue which shows their importance in the elections. Being so important decision makers of a future government they can also decide on the level of drinking. So the age of drinking should be brought down to the age of voting right. Capital Punishment; Capital punishment is the highest punishment in the penology knows to man. It deprives the criminal’s life and existence. Modern Penologists, jurists, jurisprudents e.t.c preferred it for the grave and heinous crimes only. According to the reformative theory â€Å"No one is a born criminal. A criminal is the product of the social and economical circumstances.† Modern psycho-analysts, criminologists, sociologist’s e.t.c are  Ã‚   behind this modern theory. The one of the recent case Roper v. Simmons, 543 U.S 551(2005) the Supreme Court held that the minimum age at time of crime to be subject to the death penalty is 18. The judiciary is regarded as best institution for its reasoning on any issue. If the court itself is defending the decision and declared that at age of 18 the person is reasonably prudent and he have total knowledge about the society why cant it allow the person to drink at   the age of 18. Now almost 19 states and federal government had set a minimum age of 18 for capital punishment Military services The person having 18 years of age is eligible to enter into the military services and can serve the nation up to 49 years. Even a person of 17 years of age, with parental permission, can join the U.S. armed services.   There is a strong point that a person with 18 years is serving the nation with commitment, responsibility and attitude to serve the nation. If this is the case cant a person with 18 can’t have liberty drink. Conclusion: It is the time to re-look at the existing law with the advancement of the science and technology and improvement is the communication has enhanced the capabilities of a person.[5] The drinking problems can be reduced with alternative legislations. All people should not suffer due to few deterrents, so more though laws on the violators are a good measure.   Now the people are in a position to decide what is good and what is bad by 18 years itself. If the person is able to decide on the marriage, voting and joining into defense services, he can also think as a prudent person on the drinking also. So the minimum age of drinking should be brought down to 18 years. References: 1.VD. Mahajan, origin of state, Political theory,(1988), 4th edition , S. Chand and Company. 2. Radley Balko, Back to 18, A new chorus of critics says it’s time to lower the drinking age, April 12, 2007 Marriage Laws, 2008 Washtenaw County, MI http://www.reason.com/news/show/119618.html 3. Selected Michigan http://ewashtenaw.org/government/clerk_register/cr_clklawsm.html    4.   Ã‚  Reduction Of Voting Age Qualification, 1995, United States Government Printing Office, http://www.gpoaccess.gov/constitution/html/amdt26.html 5. The Minimum Legal Drinking Age Debate, http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/~jordanlt/alctwo.html [1] VD. Mahajan, origin of state, Political theory,(1988), 4th edition , S. Chand and Company. [2]   Radley Balko, Back to 18, A new chorus of critics says it’s time to lower the drinking age, April 12, 2007 ; http://www.reason.com/news/show/119618.html; [3] Selected Michigan Marriage Laws, 2008 Washtenaw County, MI ;http://ewashtenaw.org/government/clerk_register/cr_clklawsm.html [4]  Ã‚   Reduction Of Voting Age Qualification, 1995, United States Government Printing Office, ;http://www.gpoaccess.gov/constitution/html/amdt26.html; [5] The Minimum Legal Drinking Age Debate, ;http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/~jordanlt/alctwo.html; How to cite Lowering the Drinking, Essay examples

Folio Various Independent Fashion Industry

Question: Discuss about theFolio for Various Independent Fashion Industry. Answer: Fashion Brands Plagiarizing Independent Artists Lucy Cormack has collected statements from various independent artists who claim that there design ideas have been plagiarized by fashion industry giants such as Zara and Bershka. Around 40 independent artists from US, UK, Europe and Australia have made these claims through an online campaign called hold the company accountable (Cormack, 2016). Instagram, the popular social app has helped the artists realize that there designs were copied after the followers of these artists mailed them asking if they collaborated with the big brands (Cormack, 2016). Both the companies in question are a part of the Spanish multinational Inditex who responded to one such claim stating that the design was not unique and hence cannot be associated. Since the artists dont have the resources to go against a monolithic firm they plan to file a class action (Cormack, 2016). Fashion, Wealth and Conformation Fashion is a way of expressing ones own desires and at the same time staying in tune with the trend (Swanson, 2016). The need for women to conform to the people around them has been studied by Jeff Galak, a professor at Carnegie Mellon Universitys Tepper School of Business and three other co-authors, who put up a paper on the height of womens high heels. The study was done by examining the 15,000 purchases from an online luxury store over five years and analysis has been made to see how the pattern changed when women moved from one locality to another (Swanson, 2016). Women who moved from wealthier backgrounds to low income areas were consistent with the heel height. However women who moved to a wealthier area changed the height of their heels to the height of those purchased around them in that area thereby confirming the upper class theory of fashion (Swanson, 2016). Chinese Market Influence in Hollywood Hollywood has been expanding over the past years and has now included an audience of 1.4 billion with its penetration in to the Chinese market (West, 2016). The massive hit of the film Warcraft in China which was a critical flop in the United States shows that there might come a need where Hollywood films would be made exclusively for the Chinese audience. The current Chinese market is worth $8bn and is growing rapidly opening 15 screens a day (West, 2016). However, the China has a restriction of releasing only 34 foreign made films a year making it a challenging task for the studios to choose the films they want to release here. It is not just the movies but also Chinese groups such as Wanda have a significant share in the production of Hollywood films making ensuring that the Chinese movie industry would be a potential boon to the Hollywood (West, 2016). References Cormack, L. (2016) Fashion giants Zara and Bershka have been accused of copying designs by independent artists. Available at: https://www.smh.com.au/business/consumer-affairs/zara-and-bershka-accused-of-copying-designs-by-independent-artists-20160725-gqdoos.html (Accessed: 31 July 2016). Swanson,A. (2016) What high heels say about the massive gap between the rich and the poor. Available at: https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2016/07/26/what-high-heels-say-about-the-rich-and-the-poor/ (Accessed: 31 July 2016). West, K. (2016) Success of Warcraft in china helps US open door to audience of 1.4 billion. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/business/2016/jul/02/warcraft-film-china-blockbuster-hollywood-investment (Accessed: 31 July 2016).